南宁、百色盆地红土风化壳的地球化学特征及其环境意义^*   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

高柳青  袁宝印 《地理研究》1996,15(1):82-90

本文以广西南宁盆地那桐风化壳,及百色盆地江泽风地壳的大量土体化学分析数据为依据,进行了第四纪红土的确认、形成、分布和土壤肥力状况。以及通过地球化学强度、硅铁系数、硅铝系数等指标进行了两风化壳的对比研究。同时,还探讨了风化壳的发育过程及其与环境的关系。  相似文献   

New evidence of extensive active mud volcanism in the Anaximander mountains (Eastern Mediterranean): The “ATHINA” mud volcano     

V. Lykousis  S. Alexandri  J. Woodside  P. Nomikou  C. Perissoratis  D. Sakellariou  G. de Lange  A. Dahlmann  D. Casas  G. Rousakis  D. Ballas  Chr. Ioakim 《Environmental Geology》2004,46(8):1030-1037

A 3000 km² multibeam survey was carried out on the eastern Anaximander Mountains (Mts), (Eastern Mediterranean). The objective was to obtain detailed bathymetry of known mud volcanoes and identify new sites of active mud volcanism in the area. N-NW of the Amsterdam Mud-Volcano (MV) several mounds and cone-like morphological irregularities with a height of few tens of meters to about one hundred meters were detected and considered as potential MVs on the basis of their distinctive backscattered character. A group of two mounds was selected, the northern mound was sampled, documented as active, and named accordingly Athina MV. These new findings strongly support the presence of extensive active mud volcanism in the Anaximander Mountains especially in the area north of the Amsterdam MV.GEM  相似文献   

Sex expression and growth rates in natural populations of the desert soil crustal mossSyntrichia caninervis     

Lloyd R. Stark  Brent D. Mishler  D.Nicholas McLetchie 《Journal of Arid Environments》1998,40(4):401-416

The low elevation Mojave Desert cryptobiotic crust is dominated by the mossSyntrichia caninervis. In 16 populations of this moss, stem height and population were significantly associated with sex expression, with longer stems expressing sex more frequently and producing more perichaetia. The above-ground age of stems ranged up to 10 years, with a mean growth rate across populations of 0.36 mm year⁻¹. The overall stem sex ratio, as a proportion of the total number of stems, was 0.30♀: 0♂: 0.70 non-expressing. The probability of expressing sex in a given season was 0.09. The absence of sexual reproduction (no sporophytes) and likely absence of the male sex from the area indicate that the non-expressing plants are female individuals. The slow growth rates, low rates of sex expression, absence of male plants, and absence of sexual reproduction in this crustal species may help explain why re-establishment of mosses on desert soils can take decades.  相似文献   

腾格里沙漠人工固沙植被区生物土壤结皮对降水的拦截作用   总被引：33，自引：16，他引：33  

李守中  肖洪浪  宋耀选  李金贵  刘立超 《中国沙漠》2002,22(6):612-616

在沙坡头人工植被区对人工模拟降水及天然降水后生物土壤结皮层含水率进行了动态定位监测,并分析了生物土壤结皮拦截降水的作用.结果表明:①生物土壤结皮的发育改变了原来沙丘剖面的水分分配格局,10%～40%的年降水量被拦截到结皮层;②随固沙年限的增加,生物土壤结皮的进一步发育和演变,其对降水的拦截能力也进一步提高;③生物土壤结皮对降水的拦截有明显的季节变化,7～10月份平均拦截雨量比4～6月份平均高出12%.  相似文献   

华蓥山地区二叠纪生物礁顶部钙结壳的岩石学特征及成因探讨   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王生海  强子同 《矿物岩石》1994,14(4):59-68

华蓥山地区上二叠统长兴阶生物礁顶部普遍存在一套数米至十余米厚的钙结壳．含有钙结壳中常见的渗滤豆石、钙质结核、蜂窝状构造、根模、钙化细菌丝体、花瓣构造、微型钟乳石等典型组构，并伴有变形构造、溶蚀构造和角砾化等现象。这套钙结壳的发现对研究华南二、三叠纪之交的古气候，古地理和沉积发育史具有重要意义，本文主要描述钙结壳的岩石学特征，并简要讨论了本地区钙结壳的成因。  相似文献   

Spectra and vegetation index variations in moss soil crust in different seasons,and in wet and dry conditions     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2015

Similar to vascular plants, non-vascular plant mosses have different periods of seasonal growth. There has been little research on the spectral variations of moss soil crust (MSC) over different growth periods. Few studies have paid attention to the difference in spectral characteristics between wet MSC that is photosynthesizing and dry MSC in suspended metabolism. The dissimilarity of MSC spectra in wet and dry conditions during different seasons needs further investigation. In this study, the spectral reflectance of wet MSC, dry MSC and the dominant vascular plant (Artemisia) were characterized in situ during the summer (July) and autumn (September). The variations in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), biological soil crust index (BSCI) and CI (crust index) in different seasons and under different soil moisture conditions were also analyzed. It was found that (1) the spectral characteristics of both wet and dry MSCs varied seasonally; (2) the spectral features of wet MSC appear similar to those of the vascular plant, Artemisia, whether in summer or autumn; (3) both in summer and in autumn, much higher NDVI values were acquired for wet than for dry MSC (0.6 ∼ 0.7 vs. 0.3 ∼ 0.4 units), which may lead to misinterpretation of vegetation dynamics in the presence of MSC and with the variations in rainfall occurring in arid and semi-arid zones; and (4) the BSCI and CI values of wet MSC were close to that of Artemisia in both summer and autumn, indicating that BSCI and CI could barely differentiate between the wet MSC and Artemisia.  相似文献   

生物土壤结皮对一年生植物影响研究进展     

陈孟晨  张景光  刘立超  冯丽  滕嘉玲 《中国沙漠》2017,37(3):483-490

生物土壤结皮在荒漠地区广泛分布,它的形成和演替深刻地改变了土壤表层的结构特征和理化性质,进而影响了荒漠地区一年生植物的种子传播、萌发、幼苗存活及生长过程。本文回顾了国内外有关生物土壤结皮对一年生植物影响的研究,综述了生物土壤结皮对一年生植物的土壤种子库、种子萌发、幼苗存活及生长过程的影响,分析了各研究结论中存在争议的原因,总结了生物土壤结皮对一年生植物种子传播、萌发、幼苗存活及生长影响的内在机理,指出了生物土壤结皮对荒漠地区植被组成的筛选作用,并对进一步的研究进行了展望。  相似文献   

生物型凹凸棒基高分子固沙材料的复配效果     

陶玲  曹田  吕莹  张文杰  任珺 《中国沙漠》2017,37(2):276-280

由于具有提高沙土的稳定性和保水性等特征,复合高吸水性固沙材料在荒漠化土地治理方面具有一定的潜力和应用前景。研究了蓝藻结皮在不同比例凹凸棒基高分子固沙材料中的生长状态和生理特性。结果表明:蓝藻结皮与经4 mol·L^-1硫酸改性后的凹凸棒基高分子固沙材料以1∶3质量比配比生长情况最佳;比较了复配材料喷洒量为400、500g·m^-2处理下蓝藻叶绿素a、丙二醛、可溶性蛋白及可溶性糖含量等生理指标,喷洒量为500 g·5m^-2的蓝藻结皮与经4 mol·L^-1硫酸改性后的凹凸棒基高分子固沙材料生理特性较好。  相似文献   

大洋富钴结壳资源调查与研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

韦振权  何高文  邓希光  姚会强  刘永刚  杨永  任江波 《中国地质》2017,44(3):460-472

富钴结壳是继多金属结核资源之后被发现的又一深海沉积固体矿产资源,在太平洋、大西洋和印度洋的海底均有分布。据估算,全球三大洋海山富钴结壳干结壳资源量为(1081.1661~2162.3322)×108t。世界各国对富钴结壳的调查始于20世纪80年代初,截至目前,已有日本、中国、俄罗斯和巴西等4个国家与国际海底管理局签订了富钴结壳勘探合同,而韩国的矿区申请也于2016年获得核准。富钴结壳按形态可分为板状结壳,砾状结壳和钴结核3种类型。富钴结壳内部结构构造在宏观上通常表现为三层构造,即底部亮煤层、中部疏松层和顶部较致密层;在微观下主要表现为柱状构造、叠层构造、斑块状构造、纹层状构造等多种类型。富钴结壳的矿物成分主要为自生的铁锰矿物,包括水羟锰矿、钡镁锰矿、羟铁矿、四方纤铁矿、六方纤铁矿、针铁矿等。富钴结壳富含Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn等金属元素以及稀土元素和铂族元素,其中Co含量尤为显著。三大洋中,以太平洋富钴结壳的Co平均含量最高。富钴结壳的生长过程极其缓慢,平均仅几毫米每百万年。研究表明,西太平洋富钴结壳最早于始新世-早中新世开始生长。目前通常认为富钴结壳为水成成因,即Co、Fe、Mn等金属元素来源于海水。此外,有研究表明微生物在富钴结壳的形成过程中也起着非常重要的作用。富钴结壳的分布及特征受地形、水深、基岩类型、海水水文化学特征、经纬度等多种因素的影响,其主要分布于碳酸盐补偿深度以上、最低含氧带以下、水深800~2500 m的海山、岛屿斜坡和海底高地上,西、中太平洋海山区被认为是全球富钴结壳的最主要产出区。  相似文献   

Rare Earth Elements Composition and Constraint on the Genesis of the Polymetallic Crusts and Nodules in the South China Sea     

GUAN Yao  SUN Xiaoming  SHI Guiyong  JIANG Xiaodong  LU Hongfeng 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(5):1751-1766

The rare earth elements(REE) composition of the polymetallic crusts and nodules obtained from the South China Sea(SCS) were analyzed through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Results revealed great differences in the REE abundances(∑REE) of the SCS polymetallic crusts and nodules; the crusts show the highest ∑REE, whereas the nodules exhibit the lowest ∑REE. The similarity in their NASC-normalized patterns, the enriched light REE(LREE), the markedly positive Ce anomaly(δCe), and the non-or weakly positive Eu anomaly(δEu), suggest that the polymetallic crusts and nodules are of hydrogenetic origin. Moreover, the REE contents and their relevant parameters are quite different among the various layers of the crusts and nodules, which probably results from the different marginal sea environments and mineral assemblages of the samples. The growth profiles of the SCS polymetallic crusts and nodules reveal the tendency ∑REE and δCe to slightly increase from the outer to the inner layers, suggesting that the growth environments of these samples changed smoothly from an oxidizing to a relatively reducing environment; in addition, the crust ST1 may have experienced a regressive event(sea-level change) during its growth, although the REE composition of the seawater remained relatively stable. On the basis of the regional ∑REE distribution in the SCS crusts and nodules,the samples collected near the northern margin were influenced by terrigenous material more strongly compared with the other samples, and the REE contents are relatively low. Therefore, the special geotectonic environment is a significant factor influencing the abundance of elements, including REE and other trace elements. Compared with the oceanic seamount crusts and deep-sea nodules from other oceans,the SCS polymetallic crusts and nodules exhibit special REE compositions and shale-normalized patterns, implying that the samples are of marginal sea-type Fe-Mn sedimentary deposits, which are strongly affected by the epicontinental environment, and that they grew in a more oxidative seawater environment. This analysis indicates that the oxidized seawater environment and the special nano property of their Fe-Mn minerals enrich the REE adsorption.  相似文献